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The Vice President in His Labyrinth

25 Jun 2007 11:24 am

Reading the first part of the Post's series on the vice-presidency of Dick Cheney - a man who “expresses indifference, in public and private, to any verdict but history’s” - I kept thinking of what Scooter Libby's defense team presented as a typical morning briefing for Cheney's chief of staff during the period when he claimed to have had a memory lapse. Here it is, via JPod:

"Bomb defused . . . explosions . . . East African extremist network . . . Info on possible Al Qaeda attack in U.S. . . . concern about specific vulnerability to terrorist attack . . . Israeli military action . . . Country's security affecting Al Qaeda . . . International organization's position concerning country's nuke program . . . Iraq's porous borders present security threat . . . Demonstrations in Iran turn violent . . . Israeli offer of cease fire to Palestinians . . . Memorandum assessing Iranian presidents view on terrorism . . . Problems in leadership in PLO . . . Info on 1920 Mesopotamia and insurgency on modern-day Iraq . . . Potential effect of improved governance in Iraq."

This was just one day in June 2003. And that's not even the end of that single intelligence briefing, which also contained a Terror Threat List updated daily.

People in D.C. love to play the “What Happened to Dick Cheney?” game. How did somebody so clinical and cautious and coldblooded end up as the architect of what seems in hindsight like such a cockeyed Iraq policy? How did the Ford-era Chief of Staff famous for insisting that everyone in the White House respect “the process” of policymaking become such a loose cannon, brazenly bypassing rival Cabinet agencies and making enemies of everyone from Colin Powell to John Ashcroft, while advancing increasingly implausible arguments to defend his own office from scrutiny by either Congress or the press? How did the man who was supposed to be the Bush Administration’s grownup-in-chief become associated with a national security strategy premised on the “one percent doctrine,” arguably the least level-headed response to terrorism imaginable?

I think it’s worth thinking about this question in a way that’s suggested by the image of Cheney’s chief of staff sitting in the White House every morning, overwhelmed by the litany of possible threats – because that’s an experience that officials in the next Administration will go through, and the one after that and the one after that, until either the threat of terrorism or the memory of 9/11 recedes to a far greater degree than it has today. From the vantage point of punditry, it’s easy to scoff at the one percent doctrine, and easy, as well, to argue that the “ticking bomb” scenario that seems to undergird Cheney’s approach to detention and interrogation never really happens, or is sufficiently rare to be a poor guide for policy. I tend to agree with both these contentions, but I also don’t come in to the office every day to find an intelligence briefing on my desk that’s probably thirty percent rumor, forty percent guesswork, and twenty percent lies, but that could turn out to be the briefing that accurately predicts the next 9/11 or something far worse. In this environment it’s easy to see, I think, how a public official who starts out with an expansive view of executive power (or even one who doesn’t) could persuade themselves that they’re effectively facing a ticking bomb scenario every single day – because every scrap of information, however it may be obtained, could be the scrap that prevents the nuclear destruction of New York – and thus that every question and criticism, whether from Capitol Hill or the New York Times, is just an case of ninnies ignoring the self-evident truth that the Constitution isn’t a suicide pact, or idiots "makin' mock o'uniforms that guard you while you sleep."

I don’t say this in defense of Dick Cheney, but in defense of the proposition that he is not a unique figure, or a uniquely pernicious one. His predecessors faced the same challenges, and the same temptations, and frequently gave into them. Woodrow Wilson imprisoned his political opponents; Franklin Delano Roosevelt interned tens of thousands of American citizens; Harry Truman massacred hundreds of thousands of Japanese civilians – and all of these Presidents are mainly remembered for their successes, while their excesses and cruelties are either justified or elided. History hasn’t been so kind to the excesses of Lyndon Baines Johnson and Richard Nixon, and I suspect that it will likewise fail to deliver to Dick Cheney the vindication that he expects. But that’s because, like Johnson and Nixon, he’ll be remembered for losing a war, rather than winning one as Wilson and FDR and Truman did. Victory covers a multitude of sins; defeat exposes them. And as we pass from the Cheney era into whatever comes next, his personal unpopularity shouldn't allow us to pretend that his style of governance - which treats an ever-more-imperial presidency as an indispensable bulwark against America's enemies, foreign and domestic - began with him, or that it will end with his departure.

Comments (23)

Are you seriously claiming that al-Qaeda (or Islamo-nazis or whatever you people's term of art is today) represent a threat comparable to those faced in either WWII or the Cold War? If so, say it plainly. Don't hint at it, embarrassed by it, and then make an argument that seems to all but depend on it.

and thus that every question and criticism, whether from Capitol Hill or the New York Times, is just an case of ninnies ignoring the self-evident truth that the Constitution isn’t a suicide pact, or idiots "makin' mock o'uniforms that guard you while you sleep."

There's a third option besides "ninnies..." and "idiots..." : political demagogues. It makes it much more difficult to evaluate criticisms fairly when so many of them are so obviously made in bad faith. In certain respects the press, the Democrats, and the bureaucrats have created a self-fulfilling prophecy with their constant leaking and bombardment of the administration. Haven't the NYT, the Senate Democrats, or the CIA simply reinforced Cheney's propensity to keep information close to his chest?

Mr. Douthat,

While I agree with your general point, what all the figures you name have in common is that they occupied the office of the Presidency. The President has always had the ability to call the shots at the end of the day, and history's verdict must compete with the electorate's, at least if he wants a second term. The vice-president, on the other hand, is mostly on the ticket for narrative's sake, and his actions are not well known. In this respect, Cheney does occupy a unique position--has there ever been an official who so dominated the policy-making process? Can we not attribute many of the dramatically ill results of bad policy to this one sided domination?

Which, in the end, may make your point just as well. Cheney is not unique here, Bush is. The administration is ultimately staffed with ideologues and patsies because the president is too credulous and too stupid to insist otherwise. Cheney may have crafted some bad policy, but there is a reason the buck stops in the oval office.

Could you cite some evidence for the proposition that history has treated kindly Truman's decision to use the atom bomb on Hiroshima, and then again on Nagasaki, especially in view of the fact that Japan apparently was willing to negotiate terms for surrender?

To further what Brenden said the fact that Ross refers to “The Cheney era” itself undermines his whole premise that this is nothing unique. This is in fact completely unprecedented. The Constitution gives the VP no power but Cheney has taken on presidential powers. We apparently has done so by re-routing the traditional flow of power and information in Washington. This apparently is because the President himself is an inordinately weak and ineffectual figure. But it is awfully hard to believe that Dick Cheney would have ever been elected President Of the US like Wilson, Roosevelt, Johnson and Nixon were.

brendan's point is an obvious one, but he made it very well and it really undermines your entire premise, Ross.

"because that’s an experience that officials in the next Administration will go through, and the one after that and the one after that, until either the threat of terrorism or the memory of 9/11 recedes to a far greater degree than it has today"

How is this any worse than during the era of communist expansion and Mutually Assured Destruction in the 1950s and 1960s? Is it because of the assymetric nature of current threats and the difficulty of negotiating with eight guys who you don't even know the names of?

In your favor I would point to Blair. Now, Blair had lots of nanny state tendencies already, and he hasn't gone quite as far off the deep end and seems to accept that Reasonable People May Disagree With Him, but does tend to justify his actions in terms of keeping Britons safe above all else.

I think that the US lost Korea in the same way that the US is losing Iraq. What am I missing? The Truman analogy is stronger than you think?

Yes, it's possible, as a human, to respond stupidly to threats. To become obsessed with threats, searching for them everywhere, indifferent to reality or to cost-benefit analysis, and to evaluate every piece of information and every situation as though a cabal might sneak up on you at any second. Cheney definitely has that much in common with Stalin and Mao.

And human nature being what it is, this won't be the last time it ever happens.

I doubt anyone has said anything different.

The difference between MAD and the current terrorist threats is that during the Cold War the threats were relatively stable and known. Now, a half-dozen particular worries may come up each day. I think it's pretty easy to see how this new model of threat creates a greater chance of decision makers losing touch with the greater context.

As an aside, given this problem, wouldn't you prefer to have the vice-president dealing with the threat assessments, etc., and bringing to the President only those things which may be of importance? I realize that Bush gets these too, but I wonder if you want your ultimate commander to be so inundated with these often vague concerns?

SINCE WHEN IS IT SCOOTER FUCKING LIBBY'S JOB TO SAVE AMERICA???

Could you cite some evidence for the proposition that history has treated kindly Truman's decision to use the atom bomb on Hiroshima, and then again on Nagasaki, especially in view of the fact that Japan apparently was willing to negotiate terms for surrender?

I would say that almost every modern politician makes some attempt to cast himself as today's Truman is a relevant data point. Rightly or wrongly, today people associate Truman's name with a kind of simple toughness and getting things done, not with war crimes.

It is difficult to imagine a future politician explicitly casting him or herself as a modern-day Cheney.

Ross,

I'd recommending taking a look at a James Mann article in the Atlantic from a few years ago that details how Cheney and Rumsfeld spent many years in 1980s and 1990s in a secret program to practice flying off to underground redoubt to survive a nuclear war and then provide executive leadership to the post-apocalyptic remnant. I suspect that had a permanent effect on their personalities.

Did Colin Powell, Richard Clark, etc. not also get these same intelligence reports? I think Cheney and his staff are quite unique, even compared to other senior administration officials in the Bush White House.

" just an case of ninnies ignoring the self-evident truth that the Constitution isn’t a suicide pact"

Whether the Constitution is or is not a suicide pact, the President and Vice President take an oath to defend the constitution.

Unless I'm mistaken, defending the citizens is either not mentioned, or not given priority in the oath.

After all, we only have one Constitution, and it is the Constitution which makes our nation what it is.

Compared to that, citizens are expendable. We'll grieve, but we'll make more. A document over 200 years old, and the principles it enshrines, should not be discarded or defaced in the interest of saving our meager mayfly-like lives.

I mean, good lord, we somehow absorb high annual death rates due to driving, smoking, medical error, flu, and other causes. Rates much higher than Al Qaeda inflicted on 9/11. But a mere 3,000 dead is going to push us into shredding the Constitution?
WTF?

"Did Colin Powell, Richard Clark, etc. not also get these same intelligence reports? I think Cheney and his staff are quite unique, "

They didn't necessarily get them. Cheney set things up so that his office got everything before the National Security Council did, and was probably able to circular file anything he didn't like.


I believe Cheney's creatures at State (Bolton, etc) kept things from Powell, and kept things from Condi Rice when she went to State.

Ross, I think Nicholas makes a good point - has there been a time in our history when the morning briefings HAVEN'T been so full of dire possibilities? What's the difference between the MAD era and now?

September 11, of course; and of course Cheney, et al, have a responsibility to prevent that or any other attack from happening. But it's as if these morning briefings drive policy in its entirety; that the assumption is that is isn't just rumor, guesswork and lies but facts, pending threats which we must take the most extreme measures to ward off.

That is indeed a paranoid mindset; when threatened by so many impending 9/11s, Cheney may feel he does what he must. He has no perspective - and especially now, that's vital if our policies themselves are to be clear-headed rather than paranoid.

BTW, Ron Suskind is a partisan hack. Whatever the 1% doctrine is, and how it shaped Cheney's approach to dealing with terrorism, I doubt it is accurately presented in Suskind's book.

I think, too, that people, including Ross, are being slightly paranoid themselves about Cheney's influence. He clearly has a larger role than VP's have historically, but the combination of Bush's lack of control over his administration, Cheney's tight-lippedness, and widespread dissatisfaction with the Iraq war seem to cause people to seek exotic explanations for what happens in the White House. Cheney wasn't the only person advocating for taking out Saddam, and I don't think we really know what influence he has had on detainee policy. Nor has any evidence been presented that our detainee/interrogation policy is fundamentally unsound.

Nor has any evidence been presented that our detainee/interrogation policy is fundamentally unsound.

Holy Mother of God, Mike S. Sometimes you seem like someone who'll become a reasonable enough fellow by the time you turn 21, but then you let loose with something like that.

Please see this article, Charles C. Krulak, commandant of the Marine Corps from 1995 to 1999, and Joseph P. Hoar, commander in chief of U.S. Central Command from 1991 to 1994. And this one, and this one on the illegality of our practice of torture, and this one on our unlawful "extraordinary rendition" of a non-terrorist Canadian to Syria to be tortured, and this one, about our detention of innocents at Guantanamo ("Adel is innocent. I don't mean he claims to be. I mean the military says so. It held a secret tribunal and ruled that he is not al Qaeda, not Taliban, not a terrorist. The whole thing was a mistake: The Pentagon paid $5,000 to a bounty hunter, and it got taken. The military people reached this conclusion, and they wrote it down on a memo, and then they classified the memo and Adel went from the hearing room back to his prison cell. He is a prisoner today, eight months later. And these facts would still be a secret but for one thing: habeas corpus.").

And that's just from like 45 seconds of Googling, missing lots of important facts. The bottom line is, there's never been a ticking time bomb scenario in all of world history, torture doesn't yield good information, it violates US and international law, it makes life worse for our servicemen, and by shielding accused terrorists from anything resembling due process, there's no way to know if we're detaining bad guys or unlucky souls.

AND WE'RE THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA! WE DON'T FUCKING TORTURE!

We're the City on a Hill, remember?

Your incuriosity, and reflexive hostility to facts that you don't like, are very unfortunate for you. But your blind faith in the omniscience of the assertions of the Executive branch is just plain un-American.

Nor has any evidence been presented that our detainee/interrogation policy is fundamentally unsound.

Holy Mother of God, Mike S. Sometimes you seem like someone who'll become a reasonable enough fellow by the time you turn 21, but then you let loose with something like that.

Please see this article, Charles C. Krulak, commandant of the Marine Corps from 1995 to 1999, and Joseph P. Hoar, commander in chief of U.S. Central Command from 1991 to 1994. And read up on Maher Arar, whose unlawful "extraordinary rendition" to Syria to be tortured has brought great shame and dishonor on this country. And read this, about our detention of innocents at Guantanamo ("Adel is innocent. I don't mean he claims to be. I mean the military says so. It held a secret tribunal and ruled that he is not al Qaeda, not Taliban, not a terrorist. The whole thing was a mistake: The Pentagon paid $5,000 to a bounty hunter, and it got taken. The military people reached this conclusion, and they wrote it down on a memo, and then they classified the memo and Adel went from the hearing room back to his prison cell. He is a prisoner today, eight months later. And these facts would still be a secret but for one thing: habeas corpus.").

And that's not even remotely the tip of the iceberg. The bottom line is, there's never been a ticking time bomb scenario in all of world history, torture doesn't yield good information, it violates US and international law, it makes life worse for our servicemen, and by shielding accused terrorists from anything resembling due process, there's no way to know if we're detaining bad guys or unlucky souls.

AND WE'RE THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA! WE DON'T FUCKING TORTURE!

We're the City on a Hill, remember?

Your incuriosity, and reflexive hostility to facts that you don't like, are very unfortunate for you. But your blind faith in the omniscience of the assertions of the Executive branch is just plain un-American.

All, do yourselves a favor and read Chernow's biography of Hamilton to see how someone had real sway over a presidency. Hamilton was the Secretary of the Treasury and had more influence on Washington than any other cabinet member, often leading Washington to overrule his entire cabinet.

The bottom line is, presidents solicit opinions and act on the ones that they think will best serve the country. I doubt, if you check the record, that Bush has implemented every Cheney position. Agree or not, he chose the ones he thought best for the American people.

Dick Cheney in fact does occupy a unique place in history, one of his own making. Through isolation of his office and that of the President's from all but selected intelligence, through control of access to information Congress requires to be free but which Cheney does not, and through an understanding of power that does not allow the mob to disturb the decisions of the truly powerful, he has carved a niche in history and a hole in the Constitution that greatly resembles the dwelling of a mole.

Greater attention needs to be paid to Cheney's theory of how America should work. Re-read his eulogy on Gerald Ford, America's first appointed President, and discover his deep gratitude that the Democrats were not allowed to pursue deeper investigations of the Republican power structure. Cheney very plainly likes the idea of using the electoral process as a shield for the real power behind government, and far prefers that future figureheads of America be no less vapid or personable than the present occupant in order for that power to strengthen and more deeply entrench itself.

Cheney has set the pattern for a new kind of American government on the present model, with a weak but pleasant figurehead, policies that enrich his allies at home and abroad, and a new tradition of extra-Constitutional authority wielded as he wields it today. That vision is growing in appeal in many quarters of America today, and will be pursued after Cheney is gone.

Never mind Truman, Johnson, and Nixon. The figure you should compare Cheney to is Octavian. You know -- the guy who ended that other Republic?

History will regard Dick Cheney less than kindly. He is the real power behind Idiot Boy Bush--and he is the real decision maker.

The fact that his office screens intelligence is troubling. But the fact remains that he and Rumsfeld (along with Wolfowitz and Perle) were leading members of the Project for the New American Century--which came up with the game plan for the mess that is now Iraq. It came up with it in full hubristic blindness of the history and nature of the reason. But "implementing American-style democracy" is just empty window dressing, considering that these people act as if the Constitution is toilet paper.

The PNAC website makes interesting reading and was widely ignored. (So was "Mein Kampf" in 1925, when it was published--and look where that got us.)

No, Cheney can best be compared with Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler. Both have the same disregard for process and precedent, and the same secretiveness. Luckily, his slip was showing in the PNAC, and it must be exposed further and his influence be neutralized before he overextends our military further in Iran.


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